OnNoncommercial three.0 Unported License (http:creativecommons.orglicensesbync3.0), permitting all noncommercial use, distribution
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perform is correctly cited. Citation: Int J Qualitative Stud Overall health Wellbeing 200, 5: 4654 DOI: 0.3402qhw.v5i.(page quantity not for citation goal)S. Hauge M. Kirkevold conceptualizations of the term, each in every day language and in the study literature. Inside the classical investigation literature on loneliness, you will discover two substantially distinct definitions and descriptions of your idea. Karnick (2005) and Mijuskovic (979) view loneliness as a typical, universal, and existential phenomenon relevant for all human beings, with each optimistic and adverse connotations. In contrast, Weiss, Riesman, and Bowlby (973) describe loneliness as an abnormal, and solely damaging feeling associated with social and emotional isolation. These diverse understandings of loneliness mirror the conceptual diversity discussed in several theoretical analyses of your notion (de Jong Gierveld, 998; Donaldson Watson, 996; Karnick, 2005; Nilsson, Lindstrom, Naden, 2006; Weeks, 994). As an illustration, Karnick (2005) claims that loneliness “is considered positive when it truly is viewed as inventive, productive and maturing, and as unfavorable when it truly is defined as physical, emotional or social alienation, or isolation from PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24951279 self or other” (p. 9). Though the idea of “positive loneliness” is applied in some publications (Dahlberg, 2007; Karnick, 2005; Nilsson et al 2006; Routasalo Pitkala, 2003; Tornstam, 990), in most cases loneliness is interpreted as a term employed to describe a unfavorable and unpleasant state. Moreover, there is certainly also confusion inside the literature with regard to the reality that the terms “loneliness,” “being alone,” and “living alone” are made use of interchangeably (Davies, 996; Karnick, 2005; Routasalo Pitkala, 2003), and that loneliness is even utilized as a term to describe depression (Barg et al 2006). Moreover, the idea of solitude, typically made use of to describe a positive state (Long, Seburn, Averill, More, 2003), is in some cases made use of to describe a adverse state (Extended et al 2003; Moustakas, 972; Pilkington, 2005). In response towards the confusing use with the terms, attempts have already been made to describe loneliness, and the relationship between loneliness along with other connected ideas, along a continuum (Killeen, 998; Younger, 995). Killeen (998) has proposed a continuum which ranges from alienation to connectedness. In his analysis, loneliness is Dimebolin dihydrochloride cost reserved for a small part of the continuum and is differentiated from the even more unfavorable state of alienation, and in the extra positive state of social isolation. As outlined by Killeen (998), social isolation is often interpreted as some thing significantly less painful than loneliness. Offered the prevalence of loneliness among older people today and the lack of clarity inside the literature in regards to the phenomenon, a lot more investigation about how older individuals understand loneliness is necessary. Such understanding may well assist us address loneliness within a far more informed way. This study was performed to address this situation. Methods This was a qualitative interview study conducted inside a hermeneutic interpretive tradition (Fleming, Gaidys, Robb, 2003; Gadamer, 2004; Kvale, 2007). In accordance with Gadamer (2004), researchers’ preunderstanding is often a crucial part of a study’s interpretative foundations. Our preunderstanding was colored by the literature assessment above. In distinct, we assumed.
