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applied sciencesArticlePolar Area Integrated Navigation System Based on Covariance TransformationYongjian Zhang, Lin Wang , Guo Wei and Chunfeng GaoCollege of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, National University of Defense Technologies, Changsha 410073, China; [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (G.W.); [email protected] (C.G.) Correspondence: [email protected]: Aircraft flying the trans-arctic routes commonly apply inertial navigation mechanization in two distinct navigation frames, e.g., the regional geographic frame and also the grid frame. Nonetheless, this transform of navigation frame will result in filter overshoot and error discontinuity. To SBI-993 Purity resolve this dilemma, taking the inertial navigation system/global navigation satellite program (INS/GNSS) integrated navigation system as an instance, an integrated navigation process primarily based on covariance transformation is proposed. The relationship of the program error state involving distinct navigation frames is deduced as a indicates to accurately convert the Kalman filter’s covariance matrix. The experiment and semi-physical simulation results show that the presented covariance transformation algorithm can efficiently resolve the filter overshoot and error discontinuity caused by the modify of navigation frame. Compared with non-covariance transformation, the system state error is thereby decreased drastically. Search phrases: covariance transformation; integrated navigation; polar regionCitation: Zhang, Y.; Wang, L.; Wei, G.; Gao, C. Polar Region Integrated Navigation Approach Primarily based on Covariance Transformation. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 9572. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app11209572 Academic Editors: Kamil Krasuski and Damian Wierzbicki Received: 8 June 2021 Accepted: 12 October 2021 Published: 14 October1. Introduction Taking into consideration that the distance of a fantastic circle flight route is shorter, using trans-arctic routes can accomplish fantastic savings in flying time when aircraft make transcontinental flights. Due to the demands of flight safety, each and every aircraft ordinarily makes use of an INS/GNSS integrated navigation program to supply high-precision navigation facts. The INS/GNSS integrated navigation system has broad development prospects. Previous literature [1] proposed an integrated navigation scheme based on INS and GNSS single-frequency precision point positioning, that is anticipated to become an advantage for low-cost precise land vehicle navigation applications. Several researchers [2,3] have discussed the application of GNSS/INS on railways. Standard INS/GNSS-integrated navigation algorithms are based on a north-oriented geographic frame. However, as the latitude increases, the conventional algorithms drop their efficacy in the polar area due to the meridian convergence. To solve this difficulty, when the aircraft is inside the polar region, pilots normally plan their route primarily based on polar-adaptable coordinate frames, such as the Earth-centered Earth-fixed frame (e-frame) [4], transversal Earth frame (t-frame) [5,6], pseudo-Earth frame [7], wander frame [8] and grid frame (G-frame) [9,10]. Though these coordinate frames are adaptable to polar regions, they cannot accomplish successful international navigation individually because a few of them have particular mathematical singularities, including the t-frame, pseudo-Earth frame, wander frame, and G-frame. These coordinate frames are often adopted only within the polar reg.
