Rium, Cyanonectria, Fusarium, Geejayessia, Luteonectria, Neocosmospora, Nothofusarium, Rectifusarium, and Setofusarium, but are also present in distantly connected genera for instance Cosmosporella, Dialonectria, Macroconia, and Microcera. Setofusarium is clearly recognisable by the formation of thick-walled, slightly rugose setae on its sporodochia. Using the exception of Atractium, Bisifusarium, Nothofusarium, and Pseudofusicolla, most fusarioid genera have sexual morphs, typically observed as nectria-like or cosmospora-like perithecial ascomata. The ascomata show numerous colour reactions or no reaction in KOH; the colour reaction correlates using the phylogenetic Succinate Receptor 1 Agonist medchemexpress distribution. Aside from Albonectria, with white to pale yellow perithecia, Luteonectria, with white to buff coloured perithecia and Fusarium, with dark blue-violet to black perithecia, Fusicolla, with yellow-orange perithecia and Varicosporella, with yellow perithecia, the rest of fusarioid genera all present orange to red perithecial ascomata. Going beyond this prototypical group, perithecia of Cyanonectria species are typically unequally red to dark blue, whilst these of Geejayessia can be bright red or black. Anatomically, two varieties of perithecial walls is often distinguished amongst the recognized fusarioid genera, determined by wall thickness: thin-walled perithecia, in which a single region is usually identified, and thick-walled perithecia, on which distinctive inner and outer regions may be recognised (but see Schroers et al. 2011 for differing interpretations). The former is observed in Cosmosporella, Cyanonectria, Dialonectria, Fusicolla, Geejayessia,CROUSET AL.FUSARIUM Luteonectria, Macroconia, Microcera, Scolecofusarium, and Varicosporella; and also the latter is identified in Albonectria, Fusarium, Neocosmospora, Rectifusarium, Setofusarium and Stylonectria. Using the exception of Rectifusarium and Stylonectria, the perithecial surface with the thick-walled genera is normally warted; nonetheless, these of Setofusarium generally present more scaly protrusions, when smooth perithecia can be seldom identified in Neocosmospora (i.e., N. vasinfecta). Also, each Cyanonectria and Geejayessia most usually have smooth perithecial walls. The remaining genera, which is Cosmosporella, Dialonectria, Fusicolla, Luteonectria, Macroconia, Microcera, Rectifusarium, Scolecofusarium, Stylonectria, and Varicosporella, all type smooth-walled perithecia. Important variation also exists amongst fusarioid genera relating to ascospore qualities. Most genera consistently form 1-septate ascospores. These are noticed in Cosmosporella, Cyanonectria, Dialonectria, Fusicolla, Geejayessia, Macroconia, Microcera, Rectifusarium, Scolecofusarium, Setofusarium, Stylonectria, and Varicosporella. Except for Cyanonectria, in which the ascospores stay hyaline and smooth; Setofusarium, in which the ascospores surface is finely striated, and Varicosporella, in which the ascospore surface is ribbed, ascospores on the above-mentioned genera are typically pale yellow to pale brown and smooth initially, becoming finely spinulose or Atg4 custom synthesis tuberculate. The genus Neocosmospora forms (01-septate, yellow-brown ascospores, which are typically markedly striate, or extra seldom cerebriform (i.e., N. vasinfecta) or spiny (i.e., N. spinulosa). Albonectria and Luteonectria type characteristic 3-septate, pale yellow-brown, faintly striate ascospores, when Fusarium produces 1-septate, hyaline to pale yellow-brown and smooth ascospores. Depending on the morphological variation obse.
