group than in the T0 group. Adding curcumin in diet drastically decreased TBIL level (p = 0.043) in the T500 + AFB1 group with respect to the T0 + AFB1 group. As anticipated, there was no significant difference in TBIL level between the T500 + AFB1 group and T0 group (p 0.05) (Figure 1E). No significant distinction in ALP (p = 0.621) plus a decreasing trend in ALP (p = 0.676) were observed among groups (Figure 1F). There was no considerable raise in ALT (p = 0.246) and AST (p = 0.065) CYP1 Synonyms activity within the T0 + AFB1 group relative to these inside the T0 group. Adding curcumin into diet regime inhibited the activities of ALT (p = 0.544) and AST (p = 0.140) in the T500 + AFB1 group relative to those in the T0 + AFB1 group, but with no important differences. No significant distinction in ALT and AST activity between the T0 + AFB1 group as well as the T0 group was identified (p 0.05) (Figure 1G,H). three.two. Evaluation of Pathological Sections and Ultrastructural Assessment in Liver Histopathological examination of H E-stained livers shown in Figure two. In the T0 group, hepatocytes morphology was typical (Figure 2A). AFB1 administration brought on clear toxicity containing vacuolation of hepatocytes, swelling of hepatocytes, and inflammatory cell infiltration inside the T0 + AFB1 group when compared with the T0 group (Figure 2B). Dietary curcumin protected the liver against damage by means of the decrease within the variety of inflammatory cells and swelling of hepatocytes inside the liver of ducks within the T500 + AFB1 group compared with in the T0 + AFB1 group (Figure 2C). A couple of inflammatory cells and swelling of hepatocytes in the T500 + AFB1 group compared using the T0 group was noticed. The results of this study demonstrate that dietary curcumin could protect duck liver against acute harm induced by AFB1 administration. The liver ultrastructure is shown in Figure 2. Within the T0 group, the cell nucleus and mitochondrial ridge of hepatocytes have been clearly visible plus the chromatin in the cell nucleus was evenly distributed (Figure 2D). In comparison using the T0 group, the hepatocyte nucleus was visibly deformed; chromatin was aggregated and also the hepatocyte mitochondrial ridge was enlarged and deformed in the T0 + AFB1 group (Figure 2E). As anticipated, in comparison together with the T0 + AFB1 group, hepatocyte nucleus and mitochondrial ridge have been clearly visible as well as the chromatin aggregation of hepatocytes was observed in the T500 + AFB1 group (Figure 2F). In addition,Foods 2021, ten,5 ofFoods 2021, 10, x FOR PEER Assessment the5 the hepatocyte nucleus and mitochondrial ridge have been clearly visible when comparing of 19 T500 + AFB1 group and T0 group.Figure 1. The plasma ERĪ± MedChemExpress biochemical levels of ducks exposed to AFB1 at 12 h. (A) The TP content within the Figure 1. The plasma biochemical levels of ducks exposed to AFB1 at 12 h. (A) The TP content inside the plasmaof ducks; (B) The ALB content inin the plasma of ducks; (C) The GLO contentthe the plasma plasma of ducks; (B) The ALB content material the plasma of ducks; (C) The GLO content material in in plasma of of ducks; (D) The rate of ALB/GLO; (E) The TBIL activity inside the plasma of ducks; (F) The ALP acducks; (D) The rate of ALB/GLO; (E) The TBIL activity in the plasma of ducks; (F) The ALP activity tivity in the plasma of ducks; (G) The ALT activity within the plasma of ducks; (H) The AST activity in in the plasma of ducks; (G) The ALT activity in the plasma of ducks; (H) The AST activity in the the plasma of ducks; (I) The price of AST/ALT. Values mean the imply SEM (regular error (SE) of Foods 2021,
