otsDhariwal et al. BMC Genomics(2021) 22:Page 9 ofQTL genome places and comparisons with previously identified QTLs/genesBased on each of the SNP markers mapped for the QTL regions in this study, physical IL-3 Purity & Documentation positions of all of the markers around the wheat reference genome (IWGSC RefSeq v2.0) had been detected (Added file 2: Tables S7, S8). This led for the identification of physical intervals of all the QTLs on wheat chromosomes (Table two). Results from a total of 32 previously published studies and numerous numbers of other genes from diverse on-line sources (Added file 2: Table S9) had been assessed to verify if they overlap physical intervals (on reference genome) of QTLs detected within this study. We located that 13 from the 21 major effect-loci identified within this study appeared to shared chromosome positions exactly where no less than 1 QTL has been previously identified in other wheat genotype(s) (Table 2). The remaining eight QTLs seem to become new and had been identified for the very first time within this study. These new QTLs also include two important QTLs, QPhs.lrdc-2B.1 and QPhs. lrdc-3B.two, as well as a most stable but minor QTL, QPhs.lrdc2B.2, which was identified across environments and within the pooled data. AAC Tenacious contributed CK1 custom synthesis resistance at these two main QTLs, although AAC Innova at minor QTL QPhs.lrdc-2B.two (Tables 1 and 2). Comparative analyses from the genomic intervals of QTLs detected within this study with that of previously identified and cloned PHS resistance genes identified numerous candidate genes in QTL regions (Table 2). These consist of Ppd-D1b (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-2D.1), MFT-A1b (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.1) and AGO802A (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.two) on chromosome 3A, MFT-3B-1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3B.1) on chromosome 3B, and AGO802D and TaVp1-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs. lrdc-3D.1) and TaMyb10-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc3D.2) on chromosome 3D (Table two). Among the above candidate genes, Ppd-D1, a photoresponse and domestication gene, was assessed for its association with PHS resistance and days to anthesis (DTA). Genetically, Ppd-D1 was mapped to QPhs.lrdc2D.1 interval inside 1.61 cM from the closely linked SNP marker wsnp_CAP12_c1503_764765 (Table 1 and Added file two: Table S7). It was observed that the AAC Tenacious derived photoperiod-sensitive allele PpdD1b considerably decreased pre-harvest sprouting in AAC Innova/AAC Tenacious population, irrespective of other genes/QTLs (Fig. five). However, DTA showed weak unfavorable association (r – 0.20) with PHS resistance. A detailed AAC Tenacious pedigree chart with info of various PHS-resistant sources was generated (Added file four: Fig. S3). Interestingly, AAC Tenacious has a number of PHS-resistant bread wheat landraces/genotypes [Akakomugi (landrace, Japan), Button (cultivar, Kenya), Crimean (landrace, USA), Frontana(cultivar, Brazil), Challenging Red Calcutta (landrace, India), Kenya-Farmer (cultivar, Kenya), Kenya 9 M-1A-3 (breeding line, Kenya), Kenya-U (breeding line, Kenya), Ostka Galicyjska (landrace, Poland), RL2265 (breeding line, Canada), RL4137 (breeding line, Canada), Thatcher (cultivar, USA) and Turco (landrace, Brazil)] and a durum cultivar Iumillo (USA) in its parentage as progenitors (Added file 4: Fig. S3). Quite a few pedigrees (Added file five) in the cultivars/genotypes such as AAC Innova and that previously reported to possesses PHS resistance QTL(s)/gene(s) inside the very same chromosomal regions where QTLs have already been reported within this study were also searched. It
