Ered HPA activity (e.g., chronic stress, parasitic infection) [293]. Provided his
Ered HPA activity (e.g., chronic tension, parasitic infection) [293]. Offered his career interest in rodent models of chronic social anxiety and metabolism [2], Dr. Sakai would probably have already been keen on the development of measuring long-term corticosterone exposure in hair for his own rodent studies.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAnimalsMATERIALS METHODSMice were housed in an AAALAC-accredited facility on a 12:12-h light-dark cycle with four animals per cage in static polycarbonate microisolation cages (Max 75, Alternative Design and style, Siloam Springs, AR) on disposable bedding (0.12-in. Bed-O-Cobs, The Andersons, Maumee, OH). Mice were permitted 3 days to acclimate following arrival for the vivarium prior to experimental manipulation. Mice were fed regular pelleted laboratory rodent chow (5001, LabDiet, St. Louis, MO) and provided municipal water supplied by bottle. Sentinel mice had been routinely tested for infectious diseases as a part of the institutional well being surveillance plan. All procedures were authorized by the University of Pennsylvania’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Kind 1 diabetes To induce type 1 diabetes, 24 eight-week-old, male, C57BL/6J mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) had been injected with STZ or car (Veh). On day 0, mice were anesthetized for hair collection with isoflurane (Isothesia, Henry Schein Animal Well being, Dublin, OH), fasted for 4 hours, and received a single intraperitoneal injection of Veh (n=12) or 150 mg/kg STZ (n=12) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) ready in 5M sodium citrate, pH 4.five. Mice were supplied with 10 sucrose water overnight following injection to prevent sudden hypoglycemia. Mice were weighed twice weekly on days 0, two, 3, 7, ten, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28. Blood glucose (BG) was measured on days 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28; BG was measured more often throughout the initially week following injection to monitor for onset of hyper- or hypoglycemia. On day 28 following induction of diabetes and hair collection, mice have been euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation and hair and serum samples have been collected for evaluation. Type 2 diabetes As a model of sort two diabetes, 16 five-week-old, male, BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J mice have been purchased from Jackson Osteopontin/OPN Protein Accession Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME), including homozygous KGF/FGF-7 Protein Molecular Weight diabetic mice (db/db, n=8) and heterozygous non-diabetic controls (db/+, n=8). On day 0, mice were anesthetized for hair collection. Mice have been weighed twice weekly on days 0, two, 3,Physiol Behav. Author manuscript; readily available in PMC 2018 September 01.Erickson et al.Page7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28. BG was measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. On day 28, mice have been euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation, and hair and serum samples have been collected for analysis. Monitoring of physique weight and blood glucose Animals had been observed everyday even though on study to monitor for adverse effects of diabetes. As diabetic mice normally turn out to be polyuric, polydipsic, and/or polyphagic, cages had been changed and more food and water provided a lot more often as required. Further meals pellets were placed on the cage floor to make sure access for obese diabetic mice. Throughout the 4 weeks on study, mice have been individually weighed twice weekly. Non-fasted BG measurements had been performed throughout the 1st three h in the light cycle to decrease effects of diurnal variation. Making use of a restraint device designed for tail access (Tailveiner Restrainer, Brainstree Scientific, Inc, Braintree, MA), blood was collected in the late.
